FACTORS DETERMINING SEMEN SAMPLE COLLECTION AND SEMEN QUALITY PARAMETERS IN AFRICAN PENGUINS SPHENISCUS DEMERSUS

Factors determining semen sample collection and semen quality parameters in African penguins Spheniscus demersus

Abstract Our research focuses on semen collection from 42 African penguin males, grouped by age, habituation levels, and reproductive season timing.We assess behavioral and physiological responses to dorso-abdominal massage, evaluating species-specific seminal traits using conventional and advanced methods.Positive behavioral responses corresponded

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Does regulatory convergence shape banking resilience in Africa?

This study examines the effects of Basel III regulatory harmonization on banking stability across 21 African nations from 2011 to 2022, using a system-GMM estimation to address endogeneity and enhance causal interpretation.Stability is operationalized through Z-scores, non-performing loan ratios, and weighted composite indices, offering a robust, m

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